CVE Database

A weakness has been identified in SourceCodester Multi-Vendor Online Grocery Management System 1.0. This affects the function save_users of the file classes/Users.php. This manipulation causes improper authorization. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks.

Crypt::DSA versions before 1.22 for Perl draw the DSA signing nonce and private key from a biased random generator, leading to private-key recovery. "Crypt::DSA::Util::makerandom forces the high bit of every value it returns to obtain an exactly N-bit integer for prime search. The signing nonce and the private key are drawn from makerandom. Because the high bit is always set, the result is not uniform: its top bit is fixed, producing insecure values." An attacker who collects a modest number of signatures under an affected key, together with the public key, can recover the private key with a lattice attack. Keys used to sign with an affected version should be considered compromised and new keys should be generated.

A vulnerability was identified in itsourcecode Online Hotel Management System 1.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /admin/login.php. The manipulation of the argument email leads to sql injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.

A vulnerability was found in code-projects Online Job Portal 1.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file login.php. Performing a manipulation of the argument txtUser/txtPass results in sql injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.

A vulnerability was identified in SourceCodester Simple and Nice Shopping Cart Script 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /admin/girlsproductdeletequery.php. Such manipulation of the argument user_id leads to sql injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.

A vulnerability was determined in SourceCodester Simple and Nice Shopping Cart Script 1.0. This impacts an unknown function of the file /admin/mensproductdeletequery.php. This manipulation of the argument user_id causes sql injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.

A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Simple and Nice Shopping Cart Script 1.0. This affects an unknown function of the file /admin/login.php of the component Admin Login. The manipulation of the argument Username results in sql injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.

A vulnerability was detected in code-projects Online Voting System 1.0. Impacted is the function test_input of the file /saveVote.php. Performing a manipulation of the argument voterName/voterEmail/voterID/selectedCandidate results in sql injection. The attack can be initiated remotely.

A security vulnerability has been detected in code-projects Online Voting System up to 0.x/1.0. This issue affects the function test_input of the file /authentication.php of the component Login. Such manipulation of the argument adminUserName/adminPassword leads to sql injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.

A vulnerability was identified in SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /edit_class2.php. The manipulation of the argument ID leads to sql injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.

A vulnerability was determined in SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /edit_course.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument ID can lead to sql injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.

A vulnerability was found in CodeAstro Apartment Visitor Management System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /index.php of the component Login. Performing a manipulation of the argument Username results in sql injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been made public and could be used.

A security vulnerability has been detected in kirilkirkov Ecommerce-CodeIgniter-Bootstrap up to 13fd582aaf49aeab7438acc0fc3eb973a1f5e6a7. The affected element is the function getCartItems in the library application/libraries/ShoppingCart.php. The manipulation of the argument shopping_cart leads to deserialization. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. Continious delivery with rolling releases is used by this product. Therefore, no version details of affected nor updated releases are available. The identifier of the patch is 49b20f53de2b7ec34e920b11c863f1491d911a04. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

Dancer2::Plugin::Auth::OAuth::Provider versions before 0.23 for Perl do not support the OAuth 2.0 state parameter. The authentication_url method builds the provider authorization redirect without issuing a state value, and the callback method exchanges the callback code and registers the resulting token into the session without verifying that the callback corresponds to an authorization request this session initiated. Any application that uses this plugin for OAuth 2.0 login is exposed to login cross-site request forgery: because the callback is not bound to the session that began the flow, an attacker who starts an authorization with their own provider account can deliver the resulting callback to a victim, causing the victim's session to complete the attacker's authorization and associating the attacker's provider identity and access token with that session. Where the application persists this as an account link, the attacker may retain access to the victim's account through their own provider credentials.

Plack::Middleware::OAuth versions through 0.10 for Perl do not support the OAuth 2.0 state parameter. RequestTokenV2 builds the provider authorization redirect without issuing a state value, and AccessTokenV2 exchanges the callback code and registers the resulting token into the session (register_session) without verifying that the callback corresponds to an authorization request this session initiated. Any application that uses this middleware for OAuth 2.0 login is exposed to login cross-site request forgery: because the callback is not bound to the session that began the flow, an attacker who starts an authorization with their own provider account can deliver the resulting callback to a victim, causing the victim's session to complete the attacker's authorization and associating the attacker's provider identity and access token with that session. Where the application persists this as an account link, the attacker may retain access to the victim's account through their own provider credentials.

A security flaw has been discovered in kirilkirkov Ecommerce-CodeIgniter-Bootstrap up to 222ff31c06687b1c6d0e1ab63953f82c3674c52b. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file application/modules/vendor/controllers/AddProduct.php of the component Vendor Multi-Image Endpoint. Performing a manipulation of the argument folder results in path traversal. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. This product is using a rolling release to provide continious delivery. Therefore, no version details for affected nor updated releases are available. The patch is named 2a9497ff11f36e573ad99e1c357ff0e6ded49745. Applying a patch is the recommended action to fix this issue.

In Trail of Bits fickling versions up to and including 0.1.11, the UnsafeImportsML analysis pass unconditionally calls AnalysisContext.shorten_code(node) on every import node it inspects, regardless of whether the import is flagged as unsafe. This call registers the shortened code representation in the shared AnalysisContext.reported_shortened_code set. When the MLAllowlist analysis pass subsequently runs, it calls the same shorten_code() method, receives already_reported=True for every import, and executes a continue statement that skips its allowlist check entirely. This renders MLAllowlist dead code for all imports — it never evaluates whether an import is in the ML allowlist or not. The MLAllowlist pass was designed to catch imports of modules outside the known-safe ML ecosystem (torch, numpy, transformers, etc.) that slip past the UnsafeImports denylist. With MLAllowlist inoperative, any standard library module not in the UNSAFE_IMPORTS denylist can be invoked via pickle deserialization while fickling's check_safety() returns LIKELY_SAFE. The fickling.load() API chains check_safety() into pickle.loads() as an explicit security gate, meaning a LIKELY_SAFE verdict causes the payload to be deserialized and executed. The root cause is shared mutable state between independently-correct analysis passes — UnsafeImportsML works as designed in isolation, MLAllowlist works as designed in isolation, but the shared reported_shortened_code set causes UnsafeImportsML to poison MLAllowlist's deduplication logic.

Trail of Bits fickling versions up to and including 0.1.10 do not include the Python standard library modules _posixsubprocess, site, and atexit in the UNSAFE_IMPORTS denylist (fickle.py). Because these modules are absent from the denylist, fickling's check_safety() function returns LIKELY_SAFE with zero findings for pickle payloads that invoke dangerous functions including _posixsubprocess.fork_exec (C-level process spawner capable of executing arbitrary binaries), site.execsitecustomize (executes arbitrary site customization code), and atexit._run_exitfuncs (triggers all registered exit handler callbacks). The fickling.load() API chains check_safety() into pickle.loads() as an explicit security gate; a LIKELY_SAFE verdict causes the payload to be deserialized and executed. This shares the same root cause as CVE-2026-22607 (cProfile), CVE-2025-67748 (pty), and CVE-2025-67747 (marshal/types). OvertlyBadEvals does not flag these modules because they are standard library imports. UnsafeImports does not flag them because they are not in the denylist. The UnusedVariables heuristic is defeated by the SETITEMS opcode pattern.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipv6: account for fraggap on the paged allocation path In __ip6_append_data(), when the paged-allocation branch is taken (MSG_MORE / NETIF_F_SG / large fraglen), alloclen and pagedlen are computed as alloclen = fragheaderlen + transhdrlen; pagedlen = datalen - transhdrlen; datalen already includes fraggap (datalen = length + fraggap). When fraggap is non-zero, this is not the first skb and transhdrlen is zero. The fraggap bytes carried over from the previous skb are copied just past the fragment headers in the new skb's linear area. The linear area is therefore undersized by fraggap bytes while pagedlen is overstated by the same amount, and the copy writes past skb->end into the trailing skb_shared_info. An unprivileged user can trigger this via a UDPv6 socket using MSG_MORE together with MSG_SPLICE_PAGES. The bad accounting was introduced by commit 773ba4fe9104 ("ipv6: avoid partial copy for zc"). Before commit ce650a166335 ("udp6: Fix __ip6_append_data()'s handling of MSG_SPLICE_PAGES"), the negative copy value caused -EINVAL to be returned. That later commit allowed MSG_SPLICE_PAGES to proceed in this case, making the corruption triggerable. The non-paged branch sets alloclen to fraglen, which already accounts for fraggap because datalen does. Bring the paged branch in line by adding fraggap to alloclen and subtracting it from pagedlen. After this adjustment, copy no longer collapses to -fraggap on the paged path, so remove the stale comment describing that old arithmetic. Since a negative copy is no longer expected for a valid MSG_SPLICE_PAGES case, remove the MSG_SPLICE_PAGES exception from the negative copy check.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: af_unix: Set gc_in_progress to true in unix_gc(). Igor Ushakov reported that unix_gc() could run with gc_in_progress being false if the work is scheduled while running: Thread 1 Thread 2 Thread 3 -------- -------- -------- unix_schedule_gc() unix_schedule_gc() `- if (!gc_in_progress) `- if (!gc_in_progress) |- gc_in_progress = true | `- queue_work() | unix_gc() <----------------/ | | |- gc_in_progress = true ... `- queue_work() | | `- gc_in_progress = false | | unix_gc() <---------------------------------------------' | ... /* gc_in_progress == false */ | `- gc_in_progress = false unix_peek_fpl() relies on gc_in_progress not to confuse GC by MSG_PEEK. Let's set gc_in_progress to true in unix_gc().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: SEV: Require in-GHCB scratch area if GHCB v2+ is in use As per the GHCB spec, when using GHCB v2+ require the software scratch area to reside in the GHCB's shared buffer. Note, things like Page State Change (PSC) requests _rely_ on this behavior, as the guest can't provide a length when making the request, i.e. the size of the guest payload is bounded by the size of the shared buffer. Failure to force usage of the GHCB, and a slew of other flaws, lets a malicious SNP guest corrupt host kernel heap memory, and leak host heap layout information. setup_vmgexit_scratch() allocates a buffer via kvzalloc(exit_info_2), where exit_info_2 is guest-controlled. With exit_info_2=24, this yields a 24-byte allocation in kmalloc-cg-32 (32-byte slab objects). The buffer holds an 8-byte psc_hdr followed by 8-byte psc_entry structs, so only entries[0] and entries[1] are in-bounds. snp_begin_psc() validates end_entry against VMGEXIT_PSC_MAX_COUNT (253) but NOT against the actual buffer size: idx_end = hdr->end_entry; if (idx_end >= VMGEXIT_PSC_MAX_COUNT) { // checks 253, not buffer snp_complete_psc(svm, ...); return 1; } for (idx = idx_start; idx <= idx_end; idx++) { entry_start = entries[idx]; // OOB when idx >= 2 The guest sets end_entry=10+, causing the host to iterate entries[2+] which are OOB into adjacent slab objects. For each OOB entry: - The host reads 8 bytes (OOB READ / info leak oracle) - If the data passes PSC validation, __snp_complete_one_psc() writes cur_page = 1 or 512 into the entry (OOB WRITE, sev.c:3806) - If validation fails, the error response reveals whether adjacent memory is zero vs non-zero (information disclosure to guest) The guest controls allocation size (exit_info_2), entry range (cur_entry/end_entry), and can fire unlimited VMGEXITs to repeatedly hit different slab positions. By exploiting the variety of bugs, a malicious SEV-SNP guest can: - OOB read adjacent kmalloc-cg-32 objects (heap layout disclosure) - OOB write cur_page bits into adjacent objects (heap corruption) - Trigger use-after-free conditions across VMGEXITs E.g. with KASAN enabled, a single insmod of the PoC guest module produces 73 KASAN reports: BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in snp_begin_psc+0x126/0x890 Read of size 8 at addr ffff888219ffb5e0 by task qemu-system-x86/2199 BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in snp_begin_psc+0x468/0x890 Write of size 8 at addr ffff888351566648 by task qemu-system-x86/2199 The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff888XXXXXXXXX which belongs to the cache kmalloc-cg-32 of size 32 The buggy address is located N bytes to the right of allocated 32-byte region [ffff888XXXXXXXXX, ffff888XXXXXXXXX) Breakdown: 62 slab-out-of-bounds (reads + writes past allocation) 7 slab-use-after-free 4 use-after-free All credit to Stan for the wonderful description and reproducer! [sean: write changelog]

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected role Commit 0cb2af2ea66ad ("KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected GFN") fixed a shadow paging mismatch between stored and computed GFNs; the bug could be triggered by changing a PDE mapping from outside the guest, and then deleting a memslot. The rmap_remove() call would miss entries created after the PDE change because the GFN of the leaf SPTE does not match the GFN of the struct kvm_mmu_page. A similar hole however remains if the modified PDE points to a non-leaf page. In this case the gfn can be made to match, but the role does not match: the original large 2MB page creates a kvm_mmu_page with direct=1, while the new 4KB needs a kvm_mmu_page with direct=0. However, kvm_mmu_get_child_sp() does not compare the role, and therefore reuses the page. The next step is installing a leaf (4KB) SPTE on the new path which records an rmap entry under the gfn resolved by the walk. But when that child is zapped its parent kvm_mmu_page has direct=1 and kvm_mmu_page_get_gfn() computes the gfn for the 4KB page as sp->gfn + index instead of using sp->shadowed_translation[] (or sp->gfns[] in older kernels). It therefore fails to remove the recorded entry. When the memslot is dropped the shadow page is freed but the rmap entry survives, as in the scenario that was already fixed. Code that later walks that gfn (dirty logging, MMU notifier invalidation, and so on) dereferences an sptep that lies in the freed page, causing the use-after-free.

A vulnerability was found in jairiidriss restaurant-website-php-mysql up to 521428b5b612449df0cf4a5d15ee40cba67f3d35. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /admin/ajax_files of the component AJAX Endpoint. Performing a manipulation results in missing authentication. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. This product adopts a rolling release strategy to maintain continuous delivery. Therefore, version details for affected or updated releases cannot be specified. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.

In nltk/nltk versions 3.9.3 and earlier, five Stanford interface classes (StanfordPOSTagger, StanfordNERTagger, StanfordParser, StanfordDependencyParser, and StanfordNeuralDependencyParser) are vulnerable to untrusted JAR code execution. These classes accept user-controllable JAR paths and execute them via the `java()` function, which invokes `subprocess.Popen()` without integrity verification. This vulnerability is identical to CVE-2026-0848, which was fixed for StanfordSegmenter by adding SHA256 verification. However, the fix was not applied to these additional classes, leaving them susceptible to arbitrary code execution when loading untrusted JAR files.

The Execute Command node in n8n allows authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands on the host system where n8n runs. Attackers with user access or compromised credentials can exploit this node to run malicious commands, potentially leading to data exfiltration, service disruption, or complete system compromise.

picklescan before 0.0.34 fails to detect the _operator.methodcaller built-in function when scanning pickle files for malicious code. Attackers can craft malicious pickle payloads using _operator.methodcaller that evade detection and execute arbitrary code when loaded by pickle.load().

picklescan before 0.0.33 fails to detect operator.methodcaller function calls in pickle files, allowing attackers to bypass security checks. Remote attackers can craft malicious pickle payloads using operator.methodcaller that execute arbitrary code when loaded, compromising systems relying on picklescan for validation.

Picklescan before 0.0.33 fails to detect the numpy.f2py.crackfortran.getlincoef gadget in pickle __reduce__ methods, allowing arbitrary code execution. Attackers can craft malicious pickle files that execute arbitrary Python code when loaded, bypassing Picklescan's safety checks and enabling supply-chain poisoning of shared model files.

picklescan before 0.0.28 fails to detect malicious pickle files that use torch.utils.data.datapipes.utils.decoder.basichandlers in reduce methods, allowing attackers to bypass safety checks. Remote attackers can embed undetected malicious code in pickle files that executes during deserialization, enabling remote code execution.

picklescan before 0.0.34 fails to detect _operator.attrgetter function calls in pickle payloads, allowing attackers to bypass security checks. Remote attackers can craft malicious pickle files using _operator.attrgetter in reduce methods to execute arbitrary code when pickle.load() processes the file.