CVE Database

Local privilege escalation vulnerabilities in the Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect™ app enable a local user to escalate their privileges to NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM on Windows, and root on macOS and Linux. This enables a non-administrative user to execute arbitrary commands with administrative privileges. The GlobalProtect app on iOS, Android, and Chrome OS is not affected.

An improper input validation vulnerability exists in the Windows Pre-Logon Access Provider (PLAP) component of the Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect™ app on Windows devices which enables a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacker to execute arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges on an affected client. The GlobalProtect app on Linux, macOS, iOS, Android, and Chrome OS is not affected.

A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect™ app that enables a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacker or a rogue gateway to disrupt system processes and potentially execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges (SYSTEM privileges on Windows, and root privileges on macOS and Linux).

Improper certificate validation vulnerabilities in Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect™ app enable an unauthenticated attacker with man-in-the-middle (MitM) access to intercept and modify application communications. VPN tunnel traffic is not impacted. The GlobalProtect app on iOS, Android, and Chrome OS is not affected.

A race condition in the Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect™ client on macOS enables a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to escalate their privileges to root. The GlobalProtect app on Linux, Windows, iOS, Android, and Chrome OS is not affected.

A privilege escalation (PE) vulnerability in the Palo Alto Networks Prisma® Access Agent app on Windows and macOS devices enables a local user to execute code with elevated privileges. The Prisma Access Agent on Linux, iOS, Android, and ChromeOS is not affected.

A vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks Prisma® Access Agent on Windows enables a local attacker with administrator privileges to bypass the anti-tamper protection, enabling unauthorized access to protected processes and files. The Prisma Access Agent on Linux, macOS, iOS, Android, and Chrome OS is not affected.

An authentication bypass vulnerability in the network driver of Palo Alto Networks Prisma® Access Agent on Windows enables a local administrator to bypass security inspection, subsequently allowing them to inject and intercept arbitrary network traffic. The Prisma Access Agent on Linux, macOS, iOS, Android, and Chrome OS is not affected.

An improper link resolution before file access vulnerability exists in the Palo Alto Networks Prisma® Access Agent on Linux platforms that enables a local low privileged user to delete system files in a limited scope and disable Prisma Access Agent. The Prisma Access Agent on macOS, Windows, iOS, Android, and Chrome OS is not affected.

An information disclosure vulnerability in the Account Protection feature of Palo Alto Networks Prisma® Browser enables a local attacker to view sensitive data.

A security bypass vulnerability in the Account Protection feature of Palo Alto Networks Prisma® Browser enables a user to bypass intended security controls.

NortheBridge/luminalshine is a Sunshine-compatible game stream host for Moonlight. Prior to version 26.05.0-rc4, a latent gap exists on a default install, the file at `src/platform/windows/misc.cpp` lives at `C:\ProgramData\LuminalShine\config\apps.json` and is created by the `SYSTEM` service. Under Windows' default `C:\ProgramData` inheritance, that gives `BUILTIN\Users` only Read+Execute — not writable — so the canonical EoP doesn't actually trigger on a vanilla install. Version 26.05.0-rc4 contains a patch for the issue. As a workaround, use default condition DACLs for `ProgramData`.

UpSnap is a wake on lan web app. Versions 4.4.1 through 5.3.5 are vulnerable to a missing-authentication / privilege-escalation chain in `pb.HandlerInitSuperuser` (`backend/pb/handlers.go:249`), reachable as `POST /api/upsnap/init-superuser`. The vulnerable code lacks any authentication, setup token, IP allow-list, or rate limit and is gated only by a `totalSuperusers > 0` count check — a condition that is false on every fresh install — allowing an unauthenticated network-adjacent attacker to register the initial superuser account, receive a long-lived JWT, and pivot to root remote code execution at `backend/networking/wake.go:43` (`exec.CommandContext(ctx, "/bin/sh", "-c", wake_cmd)`). Version 5.4.0 fixes the issue.

@cedar-policy/authorization-for-expressjs is an open-source Express.js middleware that integrates Cedar authorization into Express applications by mapping HTTP requests to Cedar actions and evaluating authorization policies before allowing requests to proceed. Versions prior to 0.3.0 have an issue where, under certain circumstances, the middleware matches incoming requests against Cedar action mappings using req.originalUrl, which includes the query string, while Express routes requests using only the path component. The middleware uses req.originalUrl to match incoming requests against Cedar action mappings. In Express, req.originalUrl includes the query string, while route matching uses only the path. This creates a divergence between what Cedar authorizes and what Express executes. When an application defines separate actions for overlapping path prefixes with different authorization requirements (for example, GET /users for listing all users with admin-only access, and GET /users/{id} for retrieving a single user with any authenticated user access), an actor can append a query string to bypass the more restrictive policy. Sending GET /users/?x=1 causes the middleware to match against /users/{id} (with id parameter set to ?x=1) and evaluate the less restrictive action, while Express routes the request to the /users list handler. This allows inappropriate access to the more restrictive endpoint. This issue has been addressed in version 0.30. Some workarounds are available. Validate and sanitize incoming request paths before they reach the authorization middleware. Ensure that applications do not rely solely on the middleware for authorization when defining multiple actions on overlapping path prefixes with different permission levels.

sigstore-java is a sigstore java client for interacting with sigstore infrastructure. Version 2.0.0 erroneously removed verification of the integrated (Rekor entry) time) against the Fulcio certificate. Version 2.1.0 re-added this verification with enhancements that adhere to the Sigstore verification spec. The old sigstore-conformance test for this check was built incorrectly. This vulnerability impacts only users verifying bundles with `dev.sigstore:sigstore-java:2.0.0`. Older versions are not affected; it is fixed in `dev.sigstore:sigstore-java:2.1.0` A malicious actor may exploit this if they were able to access a users system and exfiltrate the temporary private key used during signing and then reuse an old fulcio certificate later without requiring direct access to the user's credentials. Users may protect themselves by re-verifying their artifacts using the newest sigstore-java or another current sigstore client. Transparency logs may also be audited for unauthorized signatures for a suspected reused identity.

The Meeting Room Booking System (MRBS) is a PHP-based application for booking meeting rooms. Prior to version 1.12.2, an unauthenticated request can be made to redirect the user to a query-specified location. This allows an attacker to create a specially-crafted URL to an MRBS installation that will cause the user who clicks it to be redirected to the attacker-specified redirect URL, which could be a spoofed MRBS login page, for example. Version 1.12.2 contains a fix. No known workarounds are available.

The Meeting Room Booking System (MRBS) is a PHP-based application for booking meeting rooms. Prior to version 1.12.2, a user-supplied private/local URI can be made to be fetched without checks. Version 1.12.2 contains a fix. No known workarounds are available.

PDF::WebKit versions through 1.2 for Perl allow OS command injection via a 2-arg open() of the output path in to_pdf and of stylesheet paths in _style_tag_for. to_pdf reads the generated PDF back from its path argument, and _style_tag_for reads each entry of the stylesheets list, by assigning the path to a local @ARGV and reading it with the diamond operator, which opens each @ARGV element with Perl's 2-arg open(). A value that begins or ends with a pipe ("| cmd", "cmd |") is run as a command rather than opened as a file, and one that begins with a redirect ("> path", ">> path") opens that path for write or append. to_file forwards its path argument to to_pdf and reaches the same read. Any caller that forwards untrusted input as the output path or as a stylesheets entry can run a command under the process UID; with the "cmd |" form the command's output is returned in place of the PDF, and with the "> path" form the named file is truncated. Stylesheets may only be added to an HTML source, so a URL or file source exposes the output path alone.

PDF::WebKit versions through 1.2 for Perl allow argument injection into wkhtmltopdf via meta tags in the source document. For an HTML string or file source, the constructor collects every <meta name="pdf-webkit-KEY" content="VALUE"> element in the document head through _pdf_webkit_meta_tags and turns each one into a wkhtmltopdf command line option. KEY is normalized to an option name matching --[a-z0-9-]+ but is not checked against an allow list, VALUE is passed through unchanged as the argument that follows it, and a VALUE of "yes" emits the option as a bare flag. BUILD merges the meta derived options last, so they also override the module defaults and the options passed to new. Switches such as --enable-local-file-access and --cookie-jar are reachable this way. The renderer is executed with an argument list rather than a shell command, so this is argument injection and not shell injection. Any caller that renders untrusted HTML lets the document choose the renderer's options and override those set by the application, including options that read local files into the resulting PDF or write to a chosen path. A URL source is not scanned, and the scan is skipped when XML::LibXML, a recommended dependency, is not installed.

In OpenStack Designate before 22.0.2, the mDNS handler performs pool-blind lookups when resolving record queries and NOTIFY requests. When two zones with the same name exist across different pools, the lookup fails with a deterministic error, causing the handler to return REFUSED for all DNS queries through that path. The _handle_notify path is exploitable via a single unauthenticated UDP packet. This is independently reachable through the cross-tenant zone overlap described in a different recent CVE, and also affects legitimate same-tenant cross-pool configurations. BIND9 views do not mitigate this issue as mDNS is a shared service upstream of any view configuration.

In OpenStack Designate before 22.0.1, zone creation checks (_is_subzone, _is_superzone, and the duplicate-zone DB constraint) are scoped to the target pool only. An authenticated user can bypass these checks by scheduling a zone to a different pool via the AttributeFilter scheduler, creating an overlapping zone that conflicts with another tenant's zone. This enables cross-tenant DNS hijack (redirecting traffic to attacker-controlled IPs) and DNS denial of service (NODATA responses). Exploitation requires a multi-pool deployment with AttributeFilter enabled in scheduler_filters, which is a non-default but documented and supported configuration for self-service tiering.

UpSnap is a wake on lan web app. Versions prior to 5.4.0 have an OS command injection vulnerability in the UpSnap’s device management functionality due to the presence of unsafe shell command template interpolation using the ip and the mac fields. User-controlled values can be inserted into the wake_cmd and shutdown_cmd templates and executed via /bin/sh -c (Linux) or cmd /C (Windows) without sanitization, resulting in an authenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE). A low-privileged user with permission to create or edit devices can execute arbitrary operating system commands on the UpSnap hosted server. Version 5.4.0 patches the issue.

FUXA is a web-based Process Visualization (SCADA/HMI/Dashboard) software. When `secureEnabled=true`, FUXA `1.3.0-2773` still allows guest and invalid-token requests to read project, alarms, and scheduler APIs. Version 1.3.1 fixes this issue.

FUXA is a web-based Process Visualization (SCADA/HMI/Dashboard) software. In fuxa-server version 1.3.0, the GET /api/project endpoint exposes sensitive project configuration data to guest-context requests even when secureEnabled is enabled. Version 1.3.1 fixes the issue.

Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority.

The web interface of the affected device relies on the HTTP referrer header as part of request validation.  Requests containing empty Referer value, or omitting the Referer header entirely, may be accepted and processed due to insufficient validation logic. Successful exploitation may allow an adjacent attacker with access to the web management interface to obtain device configuration details and other sensitive information.

IBM DataPower Gateway 11.0.0.0 through 11.0.0.1 and IBM DataPower Gateway 10.5.0.0 through 10.5.0.21 and IBM DataPower Gateway 10.6.0.0 through 10.6.0.9 allows a race condition that results in improper isolation of request state when handling the built‑in X‑Client‑IP header. Under concurrent request processing, X‑Client‑IP values may be contaminated across requests, enabling IP spoofing and disclosure of other clients’ IP addresses.

WolfStack before 25.9.2 contains a hard-coded cluster-authentication secret compiled into every build and published as a constant in src/auth/mod.rs, allowing remote unauthenticated attackers to bypass authentication by supplying this value in the X-WolfStack-Secret header to the require_auth() gate without any session, API key, or user account. Attackers can reach an affected node's management port to enumerate all Docker and LXC containers on the host and execute arbitrary commands as root inside any container via the POST /api/containers/{runtime}/{id}/exec endpoint.

kin-openapi is a Go project for handling OpenAPI files. Prior to 0.144.0, ValidationHandler.Load() in openapi3filter/validation_handler.go silently replaces a nil AuthenticationFunc with NoopAuthenticationFunc, which returns nil without checking credentials. This substitution causes every OpenAPI security requirement to be satisfied for unauthenticated requests when an application relies on ValidationHandler as its enforcement middleware. The no-op callback prevents the fail-closed ErrAuthenticationServiceMissing path from being reached and forwards the request to protected handlers that may require an API key, OAuth token, or another security scheme. This issue is fixed in version 0.144.0.

etcd is a distributed key-value store for the data of a distributed system. Prior to versions 3.5.33, 3.6.14, and 3.7.1, a network attacker who can reach an etcd TLS listener can open many TCP connections and never send a ClientHello. In client/pkg/transport/listener_tls.go, each connection handled by tlsListener.acceptLoop spawns a goroutine that blocks indefinitely inside tls.Conn.Handshake() and remains tracked in the pending map. Unbounded goroutine and map growth can exhaust memory in the etcd process, causing loss of availability for the cluster and, when etcd backs Kubernetes, the control plane. This issue is fixed in versions 3.5.33, 3.6.14, and 3.7.1.